Diagnosis

Doctors generally obtain a picture of the brain to diagnose a brain tumor, using the imaging tests described below. For most tumors, removing a sample of the tumor or the entire tumor, and then looking at it under the microscope is the only way to determine the type of tumor.

A physical examination and blood tests to check hormone levels may suggest that imaging tests are needed to look for craniopharyngioma. There are two main types of imaging tests used to find craniopharyngioma.

Computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan. A CT scan creates a three-dimensional picture of the brain with an x-ray machine. A computer then combines these images into a detailed, cross-sectional view that shows abnormalities or tumors. Sometimes, a contrast medium (a special dye) is injected into a patient’s vein to provide better detail.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An MRI uses magnetic fields, not x-rays, to produce detailed images of the brain and spinal column. A contrast medium may be injected into a patient’s vein to create a clearer picture.

To learn more about what to expect during common diagnostic tests, read Cancer.Net: Tests and Procedures.

To learn about the terms used in this section, read the Cancer.Net Feature: Cancer Terms to Know: Newly Diagnosed.