Risk Factors

A risk factor is anything that increases a person’s chance of developing cancer. Some risk factors can be controlled, such as smoking, and some cannot be controlled, such as age and family history. Although risk factors can influence the development of cancer, most do not directly cause cancer. Some people with several risk factors never develop cancer, while others with no known risk factors do. However, knowing your risk factors and communicating them to your doctor may help you make more informed lifestyle and health-care choices.

The following factors can raise a person’s risk of developing mesothelioma:

Asbestos exposure. Between 70% to 80% of people diagnosed with mesothelioma have a history of occupational asbestos exposure. Asbestos is a group of natural minerals found in the earth. Because of its strong, flexible fibers, asbestos was once commonly added to cement, insulation, roof shingles, and other products. People involved in the manufacturing of products containing asbestos or their installation and maintenance can breathe in or swallow the asbestos fibers. These fibers can also be carried in asbestos dust on clothing or personal items, exposing family members of the workers to potentially high levels of the minerals. Current safety regulations require people who work with asbestos to wear protective equipment and to shower and change clothes before leaving the workplace.

Smoking. Smoking by itself does not increase the risk of mesothelioma, but the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure greatly increases the risk of certain types of cancer in the lung.

Radiation exposure. Radiation exposure may cause mesothelioma.

Zeolite exposure. Exposure to a type of mineral called zeolite may cause mesothelioma.

Infection. Infection with certain viruses, such as the simian virus 40 (SV40), may be associated with mesothelioma, although this link has not been proven.

Even though some cases of mesothelioma occur with no known risk factors, many cases of mesothelioma can be traced to asbestos or chemical exposure. Therefore, it is important to always wear protective gear when working with asbestos.