Diagnosis

Doctors use many tests to diagnose cancer and determine if it has metastasized (spread). Some tests may also determine which treatments may be the most effective. For most types of cancer, a biopsy is the only way to make a definitive diagnosis of cancer. If a biopsy is not possible, the doctor may suggest other tests that will help make a diagnosis. Imaging tests may be used to find out whether the cancer has metastasized. Your doctor may consider these factors when choosing a diagnostic test:

• Age and medical condition
  
  
• The type of cancer suspected
  
  
• Severity of symptoms
  
  
• Previous test results

Because basal cell and squamous cell cancers rarely spread, a biopsy is often the only test needed to determine the stage (extent) of cancer. A biopsy is the removal of all or part of the growth for examination under a microscope. The tissue sample removed is analyzed by a pathologist (a doctor who specializes in interpreting laboratory tests and evaluating cells, tissues, and organs to diagnose disease). No further treatment beyond the biopsy may be necessary if the entire cancer is removed. If the cancer is present at the edges of the tissue (called the margin) taken during the biopsy, additional surgery will usually be necessary.

Learn more about what to expect when having a biopsy.

Find out more about common terms used during a diagnosis of cancer.