After Treatment

After treatment for anal cancer ends, talk with your doctor about developing a follow-up care plan. This plan may include regular physical examinations and/or medical tests to monitor your recovery for the coming months and years.

Regular examinations are important following treatment of anal cancer to detect any local recurrence of the cancer or spread to other parts of the body. The examinations usually are scheduled for every few months for the first two or three years following treatment, and then at less frequent intervals. In addition to physical examination, other procedures (such as proctoscopy), imaging studies (such as CT scanning), and blood tests may be done depending on the treatment given.

Damage to the anus, bowel, or bladder can occur from the use of radiation therapy, resulting in diarrhea, problems with urination, or problems having bowel movements. Surgery or combined use of radiation therapy and chemotherapy can result in impotence in men (the inability to get or maintain an erection). Talk with your doctor about ways to prevent or manage side effects from treatment.

People recovering from anal cancer are encouraged to follow established guidelines for good health, such as maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking, eating a balanced diet, and having recommended cancer screening tests. For anal cancer survivors who smoke, quitting smoking is strongly encouraged. Talk with your doctor to develop a plan that is best for your needs. Moderate physical activity can help rebuild your strength and energy level. Your doctor can help you create an appropriate exercise plan based upon your needs, physical abilities, and fitness level. Learn more about healthy living after cancer.

Find out more about common terms used after cancer treatment is complete.